Tiny Implant Offers Hope For Legally Blind Patients

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The PRIMA system aims to restore sight to those suffering from AMD (Credit: Stanford.edu)

Over five million people worldwide suffer from vision loss due to dry, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD. This eye disease slowly destroys the light-sensitive cells in the center of the retina, called the macula. People with AMD can often still see on the sides, but they lose central vision. This makes it hard to read, recognize faces, or see small details. The PRIMA system, developed by Professor Daniel Palanker and his team at Stanford University, hopes to help restore some of that lost vision.

The PRIMA system comprises a tiny chip and a pair of special glasses with a built-in camera. The chip is implanted under the retina. The camera captures images and sends them as light signals to the chip, which converts them into messages the brain can understand. This effectively replaces the damaged cells and lets the wearer see again.

A participant's vision before (L) and after (R) a year of the PRIMA implant (Credit: Stanford.edu)

In late 2024, the researchers enlisted 38 people with severe AMD for a year-long study to test PRIMA. The participants were mostly older adults, with an average age of 79. Only 32 completed the full year. By the end of the study, 27 of those were able to read letters, numbers, or words. This was remarkable given that the participants had little or no central vision before the implant.

The study’s results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in late October 2025. While encouraging, the device still has limits. Right now, it provides only black-and-white vision. The research team is working to add shades of gray and improve image resolution. These changes could help patients recognize faces and see smaller details more clearly. PRIMA is still a few years away from wide use. But it offers real hope for people living with advanced AMD.

Resources: science.xyz.com, med.stanford.edu, ZMEscience.com

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